Current Advances on Structure-Function Relationships of Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Dependent Enzymes

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

Jianyong Li¹  Haizhen Ding¹  Jing Liang¹  Yang Tan²  Qian Han³ 

[1] Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States;Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China;Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China;

关键词: pyridoxal 5′-phosphate;    structure-function relationship;    reaction mechanism;    amino acid residues;    reaction specificity;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmolb.2019.00004

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) functions as a coenzyme in many enzymatic processes, including decarboxylation, deamination, transamination, racemization, and others. Enzymes, requiring PLP, are commonly termed PLP-dependent enzymes, and they are widely involved in crucial cellular metabolic pathways in most of (if not all) living organisms. The chemical mechanisms for PLP-mediated reactions have been well elaborated and accepted with an emphasis on the pure chemical steps, but how the chemical steps are processed by enzymes, especially by functions of active site residues, are not fully elucidated. Furthermore, the specific mechanism of an enzyme in relation to the one for a similar class of enzymes seems scarcely described or discussed. This discussion aims to link the specific mechanism described for the individual enzyme to the same types of enzymes from different species with aminotransferases, decarboxylases, racemase, aldolase, cystathionine β-synthase, aromatic phenylacetaldehyde synthase, et al. as models. The structural factors that contribute to the reaction mechanisms, particularly active site residues critical for dictating the reaction specificity, are summarized in this review.

【 授权许可】

Unknown