Challenges faced by marginalized communities such as transgenders in Pakistan

The Pan African Medical Journal

Muhammad Waleed Bin Fawad¹  Hassan Bin Usman Shah¹  Abdul Rehman¹  Farah Rashid¹  Sohail Anjum¹  Hassaan Shukar¹  Hafiz Zeeshan Muzaffar¹  Muhammad Bin Mehroz¹  Iffat Atif¹  Ali Haider¹  Ahmed Hassan¹  Muhammad Zafar Hydrie² 

[1] Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical and Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan;Joint program of family and community medicine, Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health Jeddah Region, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

关键词: commercial sex work;    gender based discrimination;    hijras;    institutional discrimination;    physical violence;    risk behaviors;    social exclusion;    suicide;    transgender;   

DOI  :  10.11604/pamj.2018.30.96.12818

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

INTRODUCTION: Stigmatization, social exclusion and consequent banishment from the society makes transgender's life even tougher; isolating, pushing and forcing them into inappropriate conducts/habits like selling sex. This study investigates the association of social exclusion/victimization with high-risk behaviors among transgender community of Rawalpindi and Islamabad (Pakistan). METHODS: through a cross-sectional study design, a sample of 189 transgender community living in twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was selected using snowball sampling technique. A validated close ended questionnaire was used to estimate the high-risk behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the competing outcomes associated with suicidal risk, selling sex and substance abuse. RESULTS: majority study participants 77.8% experienced physical attacks with institutional discrimination even higher (91.5%). Commercial sex work and drug abuse was reported in 39.2% and 37.6% respectively. The prevalence of suicide ideation was high (38.6%) however, suicide attempted rate was less (18.5%). In the multivariate logistic regression, compared to those with no risk, being physically attacked increased the odds of both attempting (OR=2.18) and contemplating suicide and selling sex (OR=4.10). Nevertheless, the relative impact of institutional victimization on suicidal behavior was higher among those who were targeted on the basis of their gender identity or expression (AOR = 6.20, CI = 1.58-24.29, p=0.009). CONCLUSION: the transgender community is socially excluded by the Pakistani society where they experience high levels of physical abuse and face discriminatory behavior in daily life. Such attitudes make them vulnerable for risky behaviors; forcing them to become commercial sex workers, begging, drugs use and even suicidal ideation.

【 授权许可】

Unknown