Emplacement and Segment Geometry of Large, High-Viscosity Magmatic Sheets

Minerals

Steffi Burchardt¹  Tobias Schmiedel¹  Henrik Skogby²  Tobias Mattsson³  Joaquín Octavio Palma⁴  Frank Guldstrand⁵  Olivier Galland⁵ 

[1] Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden;Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden;School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TS, UK;Subsecretariat of Mining of the Province of Buenos Aires, La Plata 1900, Argentina;The NJORD Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;

关键词: magma transport;    high-viscosity dykes;    shallow crust;    igneous;    sills;    Chachahuen volcano;   

DOI  :  10.3390/min11101113

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (10⁶ Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the Great Dyke and the Sosa Dyke. To quantify dyke geometries, magma flow indicators, and magma viscosity, we combine photogrammetry, microstructural analysis, igneous petrology, Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy, and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Our results show that the dykes consist of 3 to 8 mappable segments up to 2 km long. Segments often end in a bifurcation, and segment tips are predominantly oval, but elliptical tips occur in the outermost segments of the Great Dyke. Furthermore, variations in host rocks have no observable impact on dyke geometry. AMS fabrics and other flow indicators in the Sosa Dyke show lateral magma flow in contrast to the vertical flow suggested by the segment geometries. A comparison with segment geometries of low-viscosity dykes shows that our high-viscosity dykes follow the same geometrical trend. In fact, the data compilation supports that dyke segment and tip geometries reflect different stages in dyke emplacement, questioning the current usage for final sheet geometries as proxies for emplacement mechanism.

【 授权许可】

Unknown