Mixtures of Lipophilic Phycotoxins: Exposure Data and Toxicological Assessment

Marine Drugs

Ronel Biré¹  Valérie Fessard²  Jimmy Alarcan²  Ludovic Le Hégarat² 

[1] Marine Biotoxins Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, ANSES, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France;Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, ANSES, 35300 Fougères, France;

关键词: phycotoxins;    mixtures;    exposure;    toxicological assessment;   

DOI  :  10.3390/md16020046

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Lipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by phytoplanktonic species. They accumulate in filter-feeding shellfish and can cause human intoxication. Regulatory limits have been set for individual toxins, and the toxicological features are well characterized for some of them. However, phycotoxin contamination is often a co-exposure phenomenon, and toxicological data regarding mixtures effects are very scarce. Moreover, the type and occurrence of phycotoxins can greatly vary from one region to another. This review aims at summarizing the knowledge on (i) multi-toxin occurrence by a comprehensive literature review and (ii) the toxicological assessment of mixture effects. A total of 79 publications was selected for co-exposure evaluation, and 44 of them were suitable for toxin ratio calculations. The main toxin mixtures featured okadaic acid in combination with pectenotoxin-2 or yessotoxin. Only a few toxicity studies dealing with co-exposure were published. In vivo studies did not report particular mixture effects, whereas in vitro studies showed synergistic or antagonistic effects. Based on the combinations that are the most reported, further investigations on mixture effects must be carried out.

【 授权许可】

Unknown