Communicabilité des droits de l’homme : la Déclaration Universelle et sa mise en texte

Argumentation et Analyse du Discours

关键词: author;    communicability;    dialogism;    readership;    textuality;   

DOI  :  10.4000/aad.789

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

To what extent does the textual condition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 (UDHR) affect its public status and the universal range of the question it raises, namely, the humanity in man and his rights? This article aims at exemplifying the contribution of a philosophy of communication (extended from dialogue to text) to the field of discourse analysis and argumentation. We will apprehend the text of the UDHR as a communicative relationship established in the rhetorical framework of a message to an audience. After having shown the importance of the “duty of dialogue” for approaching human rights (Ethics of discussion; New Rhetoric), the article highlights the importance of integrating dialogical analysis into text analysis in order to restore their full size to the concepts of “meaning”, “dialogism” and “communicability”, quite limited in the dominant theories of discourse, but also to extend them to the text considered as virtual public communication. Textuality is thus understood as a relation of common questioning between an author and a reader invited to settle in the “world of the text”, based on categories stating what is to be sought for or promoted in the real world. The analysis is grounded on the assumption that the Declaration constitutes a communication in absentia between its pragmatic instances: a responsible Authority and a Readership extended to the dimension of humanity, questioned in the text as a “public matter” (res publica).  The article claims that the possible world built by the UDHR is based on the categorical question of an essential human reality, questioned in an existence always threatened by inhumanity, and to which an answer is brought by rights defined as categorical propositions. This textual form supports the declarative effect as well as the public communicability of human rights, therefore their possible universality.

【 授权许可】

Unknown