Crinum jagus (J. Thomps. Dandy): Antioxidant and protective properties as a medicinal plant on toluene-induced oxidative stress damages in liver and kidney of rats

Toxicology Reports

Eman Ibrahim Ahmed¹  Ibrahim Ssengendo²  Souty M.Z. Sharkawi³  Halima Nalugo⁴  Juma J. Ochieng⁵  Mariama Salihu⁶  Fred Ssempijja⁷  Ritah Kenganzi⁸  Kyobe Ronald Kimanje⁸  Olatayo Segun Okeniran⁸  Eric Simidi Kegoye⁸  Gaber El-Saber Batiha⁹  Ibe Michael Usman^1,10  George D. Zouganelis^1,11  Theophilus Pius^1,12  Keneth Iceland Kasozi^1,13 

[1] Corresponding author at: Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, DE22 1GB, Derby, United Kingdom.;Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt;Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72346, Saudi Arabia;Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda;Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala 30 International University Teaching Hospital, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda;Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda;Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt;Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, DE22 1GB, Derby, United Kingdom;Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt;School of Medicine, Kabale University, P.O. Box 317, Kabale, Uganda;

关键词: Anti-lipid peroxidation;    Antioxidants;    Catalase Crinum jagus;    Glutathione superoxide dismutase;    Histoprotective;    Malondialdehyde;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Crinum jagus (C. jagus; J. Thomps.) Dandy (Liliaceae) is a pantropical plant known for its medicinal values and pharmacological properties. The study assessed the protective effects and changes in oxidative stress indices due to C. jagus leaf extracts on the toluene-induced liver and kidney injuries in rats. The study was conducted on 8-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 80), weighing 243.3 ± 1.42 g. Group I, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group II, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 1 ml/kg distilled water for 7 days; Group III, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg methanolic extract for 7 days; Group IV, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group V, 500 mg/kg methanolic extract for 7 days; Group VI, 500 mg/kg aqueous extract for 7 days; Group VII, 500 mg/kg of vitamin C for 7 days; Group, VIII, 4.5 ml/kg toluene once, 500 mg/kg vitamin C for 7 days, all administrations were given by oral gavage. The phytochemical contents, absolute and relative organ weights of liver and kidneys, liver and kidney function tests, antioxidant status, as well as histological tests were analyzed using standard protocols. The tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols were in highest concentration in both extracts, content in methanol extract (57.04 ± 1.51 mgg−1, 35.43 ± 1.03 mgg−1, 28.2 ± 0.34 mgg−1 respectively) > aqueous extract (18.74 ± 1.01 mgg−1, 13.43 ± 0.47 mgg−1, 19.65 ± 0.21 mgg−1 respectively). In the negative control group (II), bodyweights significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 22%, liver weight and kidney weight significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 42% and 83% respectively, liver-to-bodyweight and kidney-to-bodyweight ratios increased significantly (P < 0.05); serum liver function tests (LFTs) i.e., bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and serum kidney function tests (creatinine and urea) were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated; oxidant status (tissue malondialdehyde; MDA) was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated, antioxidant status i.e., tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; with markedly visible renal and hepatic histopathological findings, compared to the normal control group. In C. jagus extract test groups (III and IV), the parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated and reversed to normal/near normal compared to the negative control. The LFTs, kidney function tests, and antioxidant status were significantly (P < 0.05) more improved with the methanol extract test and standard control groups compared to the aqueous extract test group; Also, the methanol extract test group showed better histological features than the aqueous extract test and standard control groups. The methanolic extract shows better antioxidant potential due to the availability of more nonenzymatic antioxidants (tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols). The findings showed that toluene is a very aggressive xenobiotic due to the promotion of oxidative stress and peroxidation of cellular lipids, but C. jagus leaves provide significant protection through the reducing power of nonenzymatic antioxidants and their ability to induce endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and glutathione reductase or GR) causing reduced cellular lipid peroxidation and tissue damages, quickened tissue repair, and improved cell biology of liver and kidneys during toluene toxicity. The methanol leaf extract provides better protection and should be advanced for more experimental and clinical studies to confirm its efficacy in alleviating oxidative stress tissue injuries, specifically due to toluene.

【 授权许可】

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