Toxicological interaction between tobacco smoke toxicants cadmium and nicotine: An in-vitro investigation

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

Mohammad A. Altamimi¹  Nemat Ali²  Muneeb U. Rehman³  Fawaz Essa Alanazi⁴  Faisal Imam⁴  Wajhul Qamar⁵ 

[1] Corresponding author.;Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;

关键词: Cadmium;    Smoking;    Nicotine;    Lung toxicity;    A549;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Cigarettes and other tobacco products are used to obtain nicotine that is responsible for their stimulating effects. However, a lot of other organic and inorganic chemicals are also released along with nicotine. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the several heavy metals that are health hazards and is one of the inorganic elements released in tobacco smoke. The in-vitro investigation focused on exploring the effects of nicotine hydrogen tartrate (NHT) and cadmium (Cd) and their toxic interactions in the A549 cell line. In cell viability assay NHT exhibited its IC50 at 11.71 mM concentration, and the IC50 of Cd was found to be 83 µM after a 24 h exposure. Toxic effects of NHT (5 mM and 10 mM), Cd (50 µM and 100 µM), and their combination were also investigated by flowcytometry. The investigation included apoptotic and necrotic events, the effect on different cell cycle phases, and generation of reactive oxygen species by NHT, Cd, and their combination of different concentrations. Data reveal evident toxic effects of NHT, Cd, and NHT + Cd. It also indicates that the toxic interaction of NHT and Cd is not additive and appears to be minimal when compared with NHT or Cd exposures alone.

【 授权许可】

Unknown