The Distribution of Phytoplasmas in South and East Asia: An Emerging Threat to Grapevine Cultivation

Frontiers in Plant Science

Harsimran K. Gill¹  Roberto Pierro²  Marzia Vergine³  Teodoro Semeraro³  Luigi De Bellis³  Andrea Luvisi³  Harsh Garg⁴ 

[1] Crop Science Division, Baern U.S., Ithaca, NY, United States;Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy;School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

关键词: phytoplasma;    grapevine;    grapevine yellows;    flavescence dorée;    bois noir;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpls.2019.01108

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Grapevine is largely cultivated in several parts of the world, and a spurt in its cultivation has occurred in the last two decades in grapevine cultivated areas of South and East Asia, mainly in China, India, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. Grapevine yellows (GY) represent one of the most important diseases in viticultural areas of the world, and they have been assigned to five different groups: aster yellows [AY (16SrI)], peanut witches’ broom [PnWB (16SrII)], X-disease (16SrIII), elm yellows [EY (16SrV)], and Stolbur (16SrXII). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the presence of phytoplasma strains and their vectors associated with GY complex, and their potential impact on viticulture of the South and East Asia. In general, both AY and EY were reported on several herbaceous plants and/or cultivated plants in South and East Asia, along with its vectors that were largely reported in China and sporadically in Japan. Interestingly, AY and EY are yet not found in South and East Asia grapevine regions; however, their presence on different plant species suggests the potential spread of the pathogens that may occur in grapevine regions in the near future. Additionally, a few reports also suggest the presence of Stolbur group in Asian countries, along with one study that found a Stolbur-related strain in China on Vitis vinifera. Similarly, PnWB was also frequently reported in India and China on several plant species, but not in grapes. Conversely, sporadic detections of phytoplasma strains related to X-disease in Thailand, South Korea, and China indicate that their potential influence in viticulture is rather negligible. Our review suggests that monitoring and control strategies against GY are essential in order to prevent epidemic phytoplasma spread, especially in vine-allocated areas in Asia.

【 授权许可】

Unknown