Prudent-Active and Fast-Food-Sedentary Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns: The Association with Adiposity, Nutrition Knowledge and Sociodemographic Factors in Polish Teenagers—The ABC of Healthy Eating Project

Nutrients

Malgorzata Kostecka¹  Witold Kozirok²  Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina³  Anna Piotrowska⁴  Katarzyna Wadolowska⁵  Joanna Kowalkowska⁵  Lidia Wadolowska⁵  Renata Biezanowska-Kopec⁶  Jadwiga Hamulka⁷ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;Department of Commodity and Quality Management, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska Street, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Functional Food, Ecological Food and Commodities, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;

关键词: adolescent;    cluster analysis;    dietary patterns;    food frequency questionnaire;    nutrition knowledge;    physical activity;    screen time;    sedentary behaviour;    socioeconomic factors;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu10121988

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

A holistic approach to understanding the relationship between diet, lifestyle and obesity is a better approach than studying single factors. This study presents the clustering of dietary and lifestyle behaviours to determine the association of these dietary-lifestyle patterns (DLPs) with adiposity, nutrition knowledge, gender and sociodemographic factors in teenagers. The research was designed as a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 1549 Polish students aged 11⁻13 years. DLPs were identified with cluster analysis. Logistic regression modelling with adjustment for confounders was applied. Three dietary-lifestyle patterns were identified: Prudent-Active (29.3% of the sample), Fast-food-Sedentary (13.8%) and notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive (56.9%). Adherence to Prudent-Active pattern (reference: notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive) was 29% or 49% lower in 12-year-old or 13-year-old teenagers than in 11-year-old teenagers, respectively, and higher by 57% or 2.4 times in the middle or the upper tertile than the bottom tertile of the nutrition knowledge score. To the contrary, adherence to Fast-food-Sedentary (reference: notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive) was lower by 41% or 58% in the middle or the upper tertile than the bottom tertile of the nutrition knowledge score, respectively. In Prudent-Active, the chance of central obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) was lower by 47% and overweight/obesity was lower by 38% or 33% (depending on which standard was used: International Obesity Task Force, 2012: BMI (body mass index)-for-age ≥ 25 kg/m² or Polish standards, 2010: BMI-for-age ≥ 85th percentile) when compared with the notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive pattern. In Fast-food-Sedentary, the chance of central obesity was 2.22 times higher than the Prudent-Active pattern. The study identified a set of characteristics that decreased the risk of general and central adiposity in teenagers, which includes health-promoting behaviours related to food, meal consumption and lifestyle. Avoiding high-energy dense foods is insufficient to prevent obesity, if physical activity and the consumption frequency of health-promoting foods are low and breakfast and a school meal are frequently skipped. The results highlight the importance of the nutrition knowledge of teenagers in shaping their health-promoting dietary habits and active lifestyle to decrease adiposity risk and negative aspects of lower family affluence which promotes unhealthy behaviours, both related to diet and lifestyle.

【 授权许可】

Unknown