SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Their Impact on Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Vaccines

Frontiers in Medicine

Shalitha Sasi¹  Dhananjay Shukla²  Ritu Singhal³  Ayantika Nag⁴  Sindhu Gopinathan Pillai⁵  Sameer Phalke⁶  Suresh Thakur⁶  G. S. K. Velu⁶ 

[1] Blue Horizon International Therapeutic Sciences, Hackensack, NJ, United States;Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India;Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, New Delhi, India;MP Advisors, Vadodara, India;Symbiosis Institute of Health Science, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India;Trivitron Healthcare Pvt., Ltd., Visakhapatnam, India;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    variants of concern;    omicron;    mutations;    spike protein;    diagnostics;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2022.815389

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

With the high rate of COVID-19 infections worldwide, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants was inevitable. Several mutations have been identified in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, with the spike protein as one of the mutational hot spots. Specific amino acid substitutions such as D614G and N501Y were found to alter the transmissibility and virulence of the virus. The WHO has classified the variants identified with fitness-enhancing mutations as variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest (VOI) or variants under monitoring (VUM). The VOCs pose an imminent threat as they exhibit higher transmissibility, disease severity and ability to evade vaccine-induced and natural immunity. Here we review the mutational landscape on the SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins and their impact on diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. We also look at the effectiveness of approved vaccines, antibody therapy and convalescent plasma on the currently prevalent VOCs, which are B.1.17, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.529. We further discuss the possible factors influencing mutation rates and future directions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown