Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe

BMC Genetics

Martin Triska¹  Petr Triska¹  Edward Vajda²  Alexandr M. Mazur³  Nikolay Chekanov³  Egor Prokhortchouk³  Konstantin Skryabin³  Rita Khusainova⁴  Elza K. Khusnutdinova⁴  Irina Khidiyatova⁴  Sergey Litvinov⁴  Natalya Trofimova⁴  Vita Akhmetova⁴  Marina Gubina⁵  Dinara Ivanoshchuk⁵  Valery Puzyrev⁶  Vladimir Kharkov⁶  Andrey Marusin⁶  Irina Khitrinskaya⁶  Maria Spiridonova⁶  Vadim Stepanov⁶  Anton Teslyuk⁷  Svetlana Tsygankova⁷  Konstantin Babalyan⁷  Ancha Baranova⁸  Oleg Balanovsky⁸  Eugenia Boulygina⁹  Ganesh Prasad Arun Kumar^1,10  Natalia Konovalova^1,11  Tatiana V. Tatarinova^1,12  Ekaterina E. Khrameeva^1,13 

[1]Children’s Hospital Los Angeles

[2]Department of Modern and Classical Languages, Western Washington University

[3]Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

[4]Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences

[5]Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch

[6]Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch

[7]Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Bio-Physics

[8]Research Centre for Medical Genetics

[9]Russian Scientific Centre “Kurchatov Institute”

[10]School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University

[11]Tyumen State Medical Academy

[12]Vavilov Institute of General Genetics

[13]“Genoanalytica” CJSC

关键词: Population genetics;    Siberia;    Eastern Europe;    IBD;    Admixture;    Biogeography;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background The history of human populations occupying the plains and mountain ridges separating Europe from Asia has been eventful, as these natural obstacles were crossed westward by multiple waves of Turkic and Uralic-speaking migrants as well as eastward by Europeans. Unfortunately, the material records of history of this region are not dense enough to reconstruct details of population history. These considerations stimulate growing interest to obtain a genetic picture of the demographic history of migrations and admixture in Northern Eurasia. Results We genotyped and analyzed 1076 individuals from 30 populations with geographical coverage spanning from Baltic Sea to Baikal Lake. Our dense sampling allowed us to describe in detail the population structure, provide insight into genomic history of numerous European and Asian populations, and significantly increase quantity of genetic data available for modern populations in region of North Eurasia. Our study doubles the amount of genome-wide profiles available for this region. We detected unusually high amount of shared identical-by-descent (IBD) genomic segments between several Siberian populations, such as Khanty and Ket, providing evidence of genetic relatedness across vast geographic distances and between speakers of different language families. Additionally, we observed excessive IBD sharing between Khanty and Bashkir, a group of Turkic speakers from Southern Urals region. While adding some weight to the “Finno-Ugric” origin of Bashkir, our studies highlighted that the Bashkir genepool lacks the main “core”, being a multi-layered amalgamation of Turkic, Ugric, Finnish and Indo-European contributions, which points at intricacy of genetic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations. Comparison of the genetic structure of Siberian ethnicities and the geography of the region they inhabit point at existence of the “Great Siberian Vortex” directing genetic exchanges in populations across the Siberian part of Asia. Slavic speakers of Eastern Europe are, in general, very similar in their genetic composition. Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians have almost identical proportions of Caucasus and Northern European components and have virtually no Asian influence. We capitalized on wide geographic span of our sampling to address intriguing question about the place of origin of Russian Starovers, an enigmatic Eastern Orthodox Old Believers religious group relocated to Siberia in seventeenth century. A comparative reAdmix analysis, complemented by IBD sharing, placed their roots in the region of the Northern European Plain, occupied by North Russians and Finno-Ugric Komi and Karelian people. Russians from Novosibirsk and Russian Starover exhibit ancestral proportions close to that of European Eastern Slavs, however, they also include between five to 10 % of Central Siberian ancestry, not present at this level in their European counterparts. Conclusions Our project has patched the hole in the genetic map of Eurasia: we demonstrated complexity of genetic structure of Northern Eurasians, existence of East-West and North-South genetic gradients, and assessed different inputs of ancient populations into modern populations.

【 授权许可】

Unknown