Mycotoxin Occurrence in Maize Silage—A Neglected Risk for Bovine Gut Health?

Toxins

Elisabeth Mayer¹  Nicole Reisinger¹  Sonja Schürer-Waldheim¹  Veronika Nagl¹  Gunther Antonissen²  Sandra Debevere²  Michael Sulyok³ 

[1] BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria;Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;Institute for Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;

关键词: modified mycotoxin;    co-occurrence;    corn silage;    cieb;    wst-1;    nr;    srb;    sphingolipid metabolism;    sa/so;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins11100577

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Forages are important components of dairy cattle rations but might harbor a plethora of mycotoxins. Ruminants are considered to be less susceptible to the adverse health effects of mycotoxins, mainly because the ruminal microflora degrades certain mycotoxins. Yet, impairment of the ruminal degradation capacity or high ruminal stability of toxins can entail that the intestinal epithelium is exposed to significant mycotoxin amounts. The aims of our study were to assess (i) the mycotoxin occurrence in maize silage and (ii) the cytotoxicity of relevant mycotoxins on bovine intestinal cells. In total, 158 maize silage samples were collected from European dairy cattle farms. LC-MS/MS-based analysis of 61 mycotoxins revealed the presence of emerging mycotoxins (e.g., emodin, culmorin, enniatin B1, enniatin B, and beauvericin) in more than 70% of samples. Among the regulated mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were most frequently detected (67.7%). Overall, 87% of maize silages contained more than five mycotoxins. Using an in vitro model with calf small intestinal epithelial cells B, the cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1 and enniatin B was evaluated (0−200 µM). Absolute IC50 values varied in dependence of employed assay and were 1.2−3.6 µM, 0.8−1.0 µM, 8.6−18.3 µM, and 4.0−6.7 µM for deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1, and enniatin B, respectively. Results highlight the potential relevance of mycotoxins for bovine gut health, a previously neglected target in ruminants.

【 授权许可】

Unknown