A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Ayesha Saleem¹  PatienceO. Obi¹  Karim Sidhom² 

[1] Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of CHRIM, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada;

关键词: extracellular vesicles;    exosomes;    microvesicles;    differential ultracentrifugation;    poly-ethylene glycol;    immunoaffinity capture;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms21186466

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. EVs are classified into several subtypes based on their origin, physical characteristics, and biomolecular makeup. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, are released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane of the cell. Several methods have been described in literature to isolate exosomes from biofluids including blood, urine, milk, and cell culture media, among others. While differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) has been widely used to isolate exosomes, other techniques including ultrafiltration, precipitating agents such as poly-ethylene glycol (PEG), immunoaffinity capture, microfluidics, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) have emerged as credible alternatives with pros and cons associated with each. In this review, we provide a summary of commonly used exosomal isolation techniques with a focus on SEC as an ideal methodology. We evaluate the efficacy of SEC to isolate exosomes from an array of biological fluids, with a particular focus on its application to adipose tissue-derived exosomes. We argue that exosomes isolated via SEC are relatively pure and functional, and that this methodology is reproducible, scalable, inexpensive, and does not require specialized equipment or user expertise. However, it must be noted that while SEC is a good candidate method to isolate exosomes, direct comparative studies are required to support this conclusion.

【 授权许可】

Unknown