Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review

Genes

Roko Bjelica¹  Ivana Kovačić²  Carlo Tremolada³  Martin Čemerin⁴  Kristijan Vrdoljak⁴  Vilim Molnar⁵  Vid Matišić⁵  Emil Klarić⁵  Eduard Pavelić⁵  Dragan Primorac⁵  Petar Brlek⁵ 

[1] Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;General Hospital Karlovac, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia;Image Regenerative Clinic, 20121 Milan, Italy;School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;

关键词: mesenchymal stem cells;    osteoarthritis;    bone marrow;    adipose tissue;    placenta;    stromal vascular fraction;   

DOI  :  10.3390/genes13060949

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

With the insufficient satisfaction rates and high cost of operative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), alternatives have been sought. Furthermore, the inability of current medications to arrest disease progression has led to rapidly growing clinical research relating to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The availability and function of MSCs vary according to tissue source. The three primary sources include the placenta, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, all of which offer excellent safety profiles. The primary mechanisms of action are trophic and immunomodulatory effects, which prevent the further degradation of joints. However, the function and degree to which benefits are observed vary significantly based on the exosomes secreted by MSCs. Paracrine and autocrine mechanisms prevent cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis, initiate angiogenesis, and stimulate mitosis via growth factors. MSCs have even been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects. Clinical results incorporating clinical scores and objective radiological imaging have been promising, but a lack of standardization in isolating MSCs prevents their incorporation in current guidelines.

【 授权许可】

Unknown