The Hardness of Drinking Water Negatively while Socio-Economic Deprivation Positively Correlate with the Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates due to Cardiovascular Diseases in Hungarian Wine Regions

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Zsolt Horváth¹  Judit Kocsis¹  János Nagy²  Sándor Sipka³ 

[1] Bács-KisKun County Hospital, Centre of Onco-radiology, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary;Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;

关键词: age-adjusted death rate;    cardiovascular diseases;    index of deprivation;    red wine;    water hardness;    white wine;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph16183437

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

We compared the age-adjusted death rates (AADR) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among 206,159 inhabitants analyzed between 2000 and 2010 in four wine territories of Hungary: Tokaj (white wines), Eger (mostly red wines), Balaton (mostly white wines), Szekszárd-Villány (mostly red wines) and Hódmezővásárhely (HMV) (not a wine region). The mortality rates were also assessed from the aspects of total hardness of drinking water and index of socio-economic deprivation (ID). We found the highest cardiovascular mortality in the Tokaj region and HMV. On the other hand, lower numbers of CVD were observed in Szekszárd-Villány, Balaton and Eger. These findings on cardiovascular mortality correlated negatively and significantly with the values of total hardness of drinking waters, which were low in Tokaj and HMV. They were higher in Szekszárd-Villány, Balaton and Eger. Additionally, and surprisingly, the mortality of CVD correlated positively and significantly with the ID values despite of the small numeric differences. The hardness of drinking water and the level of socio-economic state seem to have a greater impact on the mortality rate of CVD than the consumption of “red” or “white” dominant types of wines at a region. This study shows data on a population larger than 200,000 persons.

【 授权许可】

Unknown