Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Rodrigo Gazaffi¹  Igor Araújo Santos de Carvalho²  Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira²  Eduardo Andrade Bressan²  Regina Tomoko Shirasuna³  Rafael V. Popin⁴  Vinícius Abreu⁴  Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro⁵  Edson Ferreira da Silva⁶  Antonio Figueira⁷  Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges⁸ 

[1] Department of Biotechnology, Vegetal and Animal Production, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil;Evolution Laboratory, Department of Genetics, “Luiz de Queiroz” Agricultural College, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil;Herbarium Curatorship Research Nucleus, Vascular Plants Research Center, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, Brazil;Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil;Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Vegetal and Animal Production, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil;Plant Breeding Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;Plant Breeding Laboratory, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil;Technological Analysis and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Agroindustrial Technology and Rural Socioeconomics, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil;

关键词: interspecific hybrids;    natural hybridization;    Saccharum asperum;    Saccharum angustifolium;    Saccharum villosum;    Saccharum × officinarum;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fbioe.2020.00598

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian ecosystems to evaluate the possibility of introgressive hybridization between sexually compatible species. Modern sugarcane cultivars, the focus of this study, derive from a series of hybridization and backcrossing events among Saccharum species. The so-called “Saccharum broad sense” group includes around 40 species from a few genera, including Erianthus, found in various tropical regions, particularly South-Eastern Asia. In Brazil, three native species, originally considered to belong to Erianthus, were reclassified as S. angustifolium (Nees) Trin., S. asperum (Nees) Steud., and S. villosum Steud., based on inflorescence morphology. Thus, we have investigated the potential occurrence of gene flow among the Brazilian Saccharum native species and commercial hybrids as a requisite for GMO commercial release. A comprehensive survey was carried out to map the occurrence of the three native Saccharum species in Brazil, concluding that they are sympatric with sugarcane cultivation only from around 14°S southwards, which precludes most Northeastern sugarcane-producing states from undergoing introgression. Based on phenology, we concluded that the Brazilian Saccharum species are unable to outcross naturally with commercial sugarcane since the overlap between the flowering periods of sugarcane and the native species is limited. A phylogenomic reconstruction based on the full plastid genome sequence showed that the three native Saccharum species are the taxa closest to sugarcane in Brazil, being closer than introduced Erianthus or Miscanthus. A 2-year study on eight nutritional composition traits of the 20 main sugarcane cultivars cultivated in Brazil was carried out in six environments. The minimum and maximum values obtained were, in percent: moisture (62.6–82.5); sucrose (9.65–21.76); crude fiber (8.06–21.03); FDN (7.20–20.68); FDA (4.55–16.90); lipids (0.06–1.59); ash (0.08–2.67); and crude protein (0.18–1.18). Besides a considerable amount of genetic variation and plastic responses, many instances of genotype-by-environment interaction were detected.

【 授权许可】

Unknown