Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology

Elmira Kohan¹  Lida Moradi²  Michael R. Hamblin³  Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli⁴  Sepand Tehrani Fateh⁵ 

[1] Department of Science, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran;Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;Physiology Research Center, Faculty of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;

关键词: smart nanomaterials;    sonodynamic therapy;    sonoporation;    theranostics;    ultrasound;    ultrasound responsive nanomaterials;   

DOI  :  10.3762/bjnano.12.64

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The field of theranostics has been rapidly growing in recent years and nanotechnology has played a major role in this growth. Nanomaterials can be constructed to respond to a variety of different stimuli which can be internal (enzyme activity, redox potential, pH changes, temperature changes) or external (light, heat, magnetic fields, ultrasound). Theranostic nanomaterials can respond by producing an imaging signal and/or a therapeutic effect, which frequently involves cell death. Since ultrasound (US) is already well established as a clinical imaging modality, it is attractive to combine it with rationally designed nanoparticles for theranostics. The mechanisms of US interactions include cavitation microbubbles (MBs), acoustic droplet vaporization, acoustic radiation force, localized thermal effects, reactive oxygen species generation, sonoluminescence, and sonoporation. These effects can result in the release of encapsulated drugs or genes at the site of interest as well as cell death and considerable image enhancement. The present review discusses US-responsive theranostic nanomaterials under the following categories: MBs, micelles, liposomes (conventional and echogenic), niosomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanocapsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, nanogels, gold nanoparticles, titania nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, fuel-free nano/micromotors.

【 授权许可】

Unknown