GCORP: Geographic and Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

IEEE Access

Usman Tariq¹  Zahid Mehmood²  Adnan Ahmed³  Rizwan Ali Naqvi⁴  Faisal Karim Shaikh⁵  Sarang Karim⁵  Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry⁵ 

[1] College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia;Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan;Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science, Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan;Department of Unmanned Vehicle Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea;Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan;

关键词: Underwater sensor networks;    multiple sinks;    weighting scheme;    geographic routing;    cooperative routing;    opportunistic routing;   

DOI  :  10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058600

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) is gaining popularity among researchers due to its peculiar features. But there are so many challenges in the design of the UWSN system, and these are quite unsustainable due to the dynamic nature of water waves. Perhaps the most tedious challenge for UWSNs is how to transfer the data at the destination with a minimal energy rate. It can be accomplished by exploiting geographic and opportunistic routing schemes to send the data efficiently to the surface sinks in cooperation with relay nodes. With this aim, we introduce a new protocol for routing, named Geographic and Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Protocol (GCORP). In GCORP, the packets are routed from the source node to the surface sinks in coordination with intermediate relay nodes. In GCORP protocol, initially, multiple sinks-based network architecture is established. Then, a relay forwarding set is being determined by the source node on the basis of depth fitness factor. Finally, the best relay is determined through the weight calculation scheme from the relay forwarding set. We conduct the simulations in NS3 to validate the proposed GCORP routing protocol concerning different network metrics. The simulations conclude that the GCORP protocol shows better performance than existing approaches.

【 授权许可】

Unknown