Impact of Chemical Endocrine Disruptors and Hormone Modulators on the Endocrine System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Antonio Aversa¹  Roberta Amodei²  Carla Giordano²  Valentina Guarnotta²  Francesco Frasca³ 

[1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Section of Endocrinology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy;Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy;

关键词: bisphenol;    physical agents;    phthalates;    adrenal;    thyroid;    parathyroid;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms23105710

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

There is growing concern regarding the health and safety issues of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Long-term exposure to EDCs has alarming adverse health effects through both hormone-direct and hormone-indirect pathways. Non-chemical agents, including physical agents such as artificial light, radiation, temperature, and stress exposure, are currently poorly investigated, even though they can seriously affect the endocrine system, by modulation of hormonal action. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the interference of EDCs with hormonal activity. However, difficulty in quantifying the exposure, low standardization of studies, and the presence of confounding factors do not allow the establishment of a causal relationship between endocrine disorders and exposure to specific toxic agents. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the effects of EDCs and hormone system modulators on the endocrine system, including the thyroid, parathyroid glands, adrenal steroidogenesis, beta-cell function, and male and female reproductive function.

【 授权许可】

Unknown