COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives

Vaccines

Giulia Soraci¹  Giovanni Rezza²  Filippo Luciani³  Annalisa Cozza⁴  Fabrizia Lattanzio⁵  Maria Elsa Gambuzza⁶  Claudio Pulvirenti⁷  Luca Soraci⁸  Andrea Corsonello⁸ 

[1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;Health Prevention Directorate, Italian Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy;Infectious Diseases Unit of Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy;Scientific Direction, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 60121 Ancona, Italy;Territorial Office of Messina, Italian Ministry of Health, 98122 Messina, Italy;USMAF Sicily, Italian Ministry of Health, 90133 Palermo, Italy;Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy;

关键词: COVID-19;    recombinant vaccines;    pandemic;    S protein;    innovative approaches;   

DOI  :  10.3390/vaccines10040608

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Currently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective but not able to keep the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic completely under control. Alternative R&D strategies are required to induce a long-lasting immunological response and to reduce adverse events as well as to favor rapid development and large-scale production. Several technological platforms have been used to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and virus-like particles. In general, mRNA vaccines, protein-based vaccines, and vectored vaccines have shown a high level of protection against COVID-19. However, the mutation-prone nature of the spike (S) protein affects long-lasting vaccine protection and its effectiveness, and vaccinated people can become infected with new variants, also showing high virus levels. In addition, adverse effects may occur, some of them related to the interaction of the S protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Thus, there are some concerns that need to be addressed and challenges regarding logistic problems, such as strict storage at low temperatures for some vaccines. In this review, we discuss the limits of vaccines developed against COVID-19 and possible innovative approaches.

【 授权许可】

Unknown