Temperature and Snow-Mediated Moisture Controls of Summer Photosynthetic Activity in Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems between 1982 and 2011

Remote Sensing

Thomas M. Melvin¹  Keith R. Briffa¹  Jonathan Barichivich¹  Timothy J. Osborn¹  Wouter Dorigo²  Ranga Myneni³  Compton J. Tucker⁴  Gerard van der Schrier⁵ 

[1] Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;Department of Geodesy and Geoinfomation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria;Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 201, De Bilt 3730 AE, The Netherlands;

关键词: boreal forest;    snowpack;    drought;    soil moisture;    NDVI3g;    scPDSI;   

DOI  :  10.3390/rs6021390

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Recent warming has stimulated the productivity of boreal and Arctic vegetation by reducing temperature limitations. However, several studies have hypothesized that warming may have also increased moisture limitations because of intensified summer drought severity. Establishing the connections between warming and drought stress has been difficult because soil moisture observations are scarce. Here we use recently developed gridded datasets of moisture variability to investigate the links between warming and changes in available soil moisture and summer vegetation photosynthetic activity at northern latitudes (>45°N) based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) since 1982. Moisture and temperature exert a significant influence on the interannual variability of summer NDVI over about 29% (mean r2 = 0.29 ± 0.16) and 43% (mean r2 = 0.25 ±  0.12) of the northern vegetated land, respectively. Rapid summer warming since the late 1980s (~0.7 °C) has increased evapotranspiration demand and consequently summer drought severity, but contrary to earlier suggestions it has not changed the dominant climate controls of NDVI over time. Furthermore, changes in snow dynamics (accumulation and melting) appear to be more important than increased evaporative demand in controlling changes in summer soil moisture availability and NDVI in moisture-sensitive regions of the boreal forest. In boreal North America, forest NDVI declines are more consistent with reduced snowpack rather than with temperature-induced increases in evaporative demand as suggested in earlier studies. Moreover, summer NDVI variability over about 28% of the northern vegetated land is not significantly associated with moisture or temperature variability, yet most of this land shows increasing NDVI trends. These results suggest that changes in snow accumulation and melt, together with other possibly non-climatic factors are likely to play a significant role in modulating regional ecosystem responses to the projected warming and increase in evapotranspiration demand during the coming decades.

【 授权许可】

Unknown