Downregulation of MHC Class I Expression by Influenza A and B Viruses

Frontiers in Immunology

Julian P. Vivian¹  Justine D. Mintern²  Jose A. Villadangos²  Hamish E. G. McWilliam²  Turgut E. Aktepe³  Jason M. Mackenzie³  Svenja Fritzlar³  Andrew G. Brooks³  Katherine Kedzierska³  Thi H. O. Nguyen³  Marios Koutsakos³  Patricia T. Illing⁴  Anthony W. Purcell⁴  Nicole A. Mifsud⁴  Jamie Rossjohn⁵  Steve Rockman⁶  Patrick C. Reading⁷ 

[1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia;Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia;Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia;Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom;Seqirus, Parkville, VIC, Australia;World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;

关键词: influenza A virus;    influenza B virus;    MHC-I;    HLA;    T cells;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2019.01158

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Manipulation of the MHC-I presentation pathway, and thus limiting MHC-I cell surface expression, is used by many viruses to evade immune recognition. In particular, downregulation of MHC-I molecules at the cell surface can reduce the ability of CD8+ T cells to recognize viral peptides presented by MHC-I molecules and thereby delay viral clearance by CD8+ T cells. To date, MHC-I downregulation by influenza viruses has not been reported. Given that influenza virus infections are a global health concern and that CD8+ T cells play an important role in promoting influenza virus clearance and recovery from influenza disease, we investigated whether influenza A and B viruses (IAV, IBV) downregulated MHC-I as a novel mechanism to evade cellular immunity. Here, we showed that infection of several cell types, including epithelial A549 cells, with a panel of IAV and IBV viruses downregulated the surface MHC-I expression on IAV/IBV-infected cells during the late stages of influenza virus infection in vitro. This observation was consistent across a panel of class I-reduced (C1R) cell lines expressing 14 different HLA-A or -B alleles and a panel of 721.221 cell lines expressing 11 HLA-C alleles. Interestingly, IBV infection caused more pronounced reduction in surface MHC-I expression compared to IAV. Importantly, the two viruses utilized two distinct mechanisms for MHC-I downregulation. Our data demonstrated that while IAV caused a global loss of MHC-I within influenza-infected cells, IBV infection resulted in the preferential loss of MHC-I molecules from the cell surface, consequent of delayed MHC-I trafficking to the cell surface, resulting from retaining MHC-I intracellularly during IBV infection. Overall, our study suggests that influenza viruses across both IAV and IBV subtypes have the potential to downregulate MHC-I surface expression levels. Our findings provide new insights into the host-pathogen interaction of influenza A and B viruses and inform the design of novel vaccine strategies against influenza viruses.

【 授权许可】

Unknown