DNA Methylation in Solid Tumors: Functions and Methods of Detection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Nasim Izadi¹  Andrea Martisova¹  Roman Hrstka¹  Martin Bartosik¹  Jitka Holcakova¹  Ravery Sebuyoya¹ 

[1] Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic;

关键词: DNA methylation;    epigenetic modification;    tumor;    tumorigenesis;    bisulfite conversion;    restriction enzyme;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms22084247

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

DNA methylation, i.e., addition of methyl group to 5′-carbon of cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides, is an important epigenetic modification regulating gene expression, and thus implied in many cellular processes. Deregulation of DNA methylation is strongly associated with onset of various diseases, including cancer. Here, we review how DNA methylation affects carcinogenesis process and give examples of solid tumors where aberrant DNA methylation is often present. We explain principles of methods developed for DNA methylation analysis at both single gene and whole genome level, based on (i) sodium bisulfite conversion, (ii) methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, and (iii) interactions of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) with methyl-binding proteins or antibodies against 5mC. In addition to standard methods, we describe recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies applied to DNA methylation analysis, as well as in development of biosensors that represent their cheaper and faster alternatives. Most importantly, we highlight not only advantages, but also disadvantages and challenges of each method.

【 授权许可】

Unknown