Effects of Diet-Induced Weight Loss on Plasma Markers for Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial in Abdominally Obese Men

Nutrients

Casper G. Schalkwijk¹  Coen D. A. Stehouwer¹  Yvo H. A. M. Kusters¹  Alfons J. H. M. Houben¹  Ronald P. Mensink²  Sabine Baumgartner²  Sultan Mashnafi²  Jogchum Plat²  Peter J. Joris² 

[1] Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;

关键词: diet-induced weight loss;    cholesterol absorption;    cholesterol synthesis;    non-cholesterol sterols;    visceral fat;    subcutaneous fat;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu14081546

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Cross-sectional studies have shown that obesity is associated with lower intestinal cholesterol absorption and higher endogenous cholesterol synthesis. These metabolic characteristics have also been observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, steatosis or cholestasis. The number of intervention studies evaluating the effect of weight loss on these metabolic characteristics is, however, limited, while the role of the different fat compartments has not been studied into detail. In a randomized trial, abdominally obese men (N = 54) followed a 6-week very low caloric (VLCD) diet, followed by a 2 week weight-maintenance period. Non-cholesterol sterols were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks, and compared to levels in lean participants (N = 25). After weight loss, total cholesterol (TC)-standardized cholestanol levels increased by 0.18 µmol/mmol (p < 0.001), while those of campesterol and lathosterol decreased by 0.25 µmol/mmol (p < 0.05) and 0.39 µmol/mmol (p < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, after weight loss, TC-standardized lathosterol and cholestanol levels were comparable to those of lean men. Increases in TC-standardized cholestanol after weight loss were significantly associated with changes in waist circumference (p < 0.01), weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001) and visceral fat (p < 0.01), but not with subcutaneous and intrahepatic lipids. In addition, cross-sectional analysis showed that visceral fat fully mediated the association between BMI and TC-standardized cholestanol levels. Intrahepatic lipid content was a partial mediator for the association between BMI and TC-standardized lathosterol levels. In conclusion, diet-induced weight loss decreased cholesterol synthesis and increased cholesterol absorption. The increase in TC-standardized cholestanol levels was not only related to weight loss, but also to a decrease in visceral fat volume. Whether these metabolic changes ameliorate other metabolic risk factors needs further study.

【 授权许可】

Unknown