Innovative Multistage Constructed Wetland for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Agriculture in Senegal

Water

Antonina Torrens¹  Adrien Coly²  AbdouKhafor Ndiaye³  Montserrat Folch⁴  David de la Varga⁵ 

[1] Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, University of Barcelona, 08012 Barcelona, Spain;Geography Department, Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis, BP 234 Saint Louis, Senegal;Laboratory of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit, Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis, BP 234 Saint Louis, Senegal;Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable Development Area, Solidarity Foundation University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Melcior de Palau, 140, 08014 Barcelona, Spain;SEDAQUA, Laboratory of Chemical-Physical and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Campus of A Zapateira s/n. 15008 A Coruña, Spain;

关键词: constructed wetlands;    wastewater reuse;    agriculture;    sanitation;    arid regions;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w12113139

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This paper reports on the performance of using a multistage constructed wetland (CW) to treat municipal raw wastewater and an analysis of its suitability for agricultural irrigation. The pilot plant consists of two stages of vertical flow CWs plus one stage of a horizontal CW built in 2018 with different local materials at the Gaston Berger University Campus, Saint Louis (Senegal). Each CW stage is composed of several filters with different type of media (silex, granite, or river gravel), filtering media depths, and macrophytes (Phragmites and Typha). The physicochemical and microbiological indicators were monitored over six months at each bed inlet and outlet to evaluate the efficiency and achievements of the Senegalese, European, and WHO regulations/recommendations for disposal or reuse in irrigation. This study demonstrates the viability of this new multistage CW design to treat raw municipal wastewater and produce an effluent of good quality suitable for reuse in agriculture. The removal of organic matter, suspended solids, and nutrients was very high (>95% for SS, BOD₅ and N-NH₄⁺, >90% for COD and P-PO₄³⁻), as was the reduction of microbiological indicators (fecal coliform reduction >5 log units and helminth egg removal of 100%). First, trends related to the influence of design (the type of gravel, filter depth, and type of macrophyte), operational modes, and the CW treatment efficiency were determined. The use of non-crushed gravel and Typha spp. seemed to provide better removal rates. On the contrary, no differences were found between the use of silex or granite gravel. For the studied Senegalese conditions under dry and hot climates, the preliminary results indicate that no resting periods are necessary for vertical flow CWs (VFCWs), thus resulting in a reduction in construction and operation costs. The main outcome of our study is evidence that multistage CWs can provide robust, cost-effective treatments, as well as allow for safe water reuse, which is imperative in areas with severe water scarcity and endemic microbiological waterborne diseases.

【 授权许可】

Unknown