Phytoene Synthase: The Key Rate-Limiting Enzyme of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science

Li Li¹  Sombir Rao¹  Tianhu Sun¹  Emalee Wrightstone¹  Andy Cheuk Woon Lui¹  Ralf Welsch³  Xuesong Zhou⁴ 

[1] Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States;Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States;ScreenSYS GmbH, Freiburg, Germany;State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China;

关键词: carotenoid;    PSY;    functional evolution;    regulation;    metabolic engineering;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpls.2022.884720

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyzes the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and is a major rate-limiting enzyme of carotenogenesis. PSY is highly regulated by various regulators and factors to modulate carotenoid biosynthesis in response to diverse developmental and environmental cues. Because of its critical role in controlling the total amount of synthesized carotenoids, PSY has been extensively investigated and engineered in plant species. However, much remains to be learned on its multifaceted regulatory control and its catalytic efficiency for carotenoid enrichment in crops. Here, we present current knowledge on the basic biology, the functional evolution, the dynamic regulation, and the metabolic engineering of PSY. We also discuss the open questions and gaps to stimulate additional research on this most studied gene/enzyme in the carotenogenic pathway.

【 授权许可】

Unknown