Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste

Energies

Yi-Hung Chen¹  Chao-Hsiung Wu²  Je-Lueng Shie³  Far-Ching Lin⁴  Chungfang Ho⁵  Min-Hao Yuan⁶  Ching-Yuan Chang⁷  Yen-Hau Chen⁷  Wei-Ren Chang⁷  Tzu-Yi Yang⁷  Michael Huang⁷  Chia-Chi Chang⁷ 

[1] Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan;Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan;Department of Environmental Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan;Department of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;Department of International Business, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan;Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;

关键词: torrefaction;    bio-waste;    biomass;    torrefied bio-waste;    solid bio-fuel;    pulp industry waste;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en10070910

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The pulp industry in Taiwan discharges tons of wood waste and pulp sludge (i.e., wastewater-derived secondary sludge) per year. The mixture of these two bio-wastes, denoted as wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS), has been commonly converted to organic fertilizers for agriculture application or to soil conditioners. However, due to energy demand, the WPS can be utilized in a beneficial way to mitigate an energy shortage. This study elucidated the performance of applying torrefaction, a bio-waste to energy method, to transform the WPS into solid bio-fuel. Two batches of the tested WPS (i.e., WPS1 and WPS2) were generated from a virgin pulp factory in eastern Taiwan. The WPS1 and WPS2 samples contained a large amount of organics and had high heating values (HHV) on a dry-basis (HHD) of 18.30 and 15.72 MJ/kg, respectively, exhibiting a potential for their use as a solid bio-fuel. However, the wet WPS as received bears high water and volatile matter content and required de-watering, drying, and upgrading. After a 20 min torrefaction time (tT), the HHD of torrefied WPS1 (WPST1) can be enhanced to 27.49 MJ/kg at a torrefaction temperature (TT) of 573 K, while that of torrefied WPS2 (WPST2) increased to 19.74 MJ/kg at a TT of 593 K. The corresponding values of the energy densification ratio of torrefied solid bio-fuels of WPST1 and WPST2 can respectively rise to 1.50 and 1.25 times that of the raw bio-waste. The HHD of WPST1 of 27.49 MJ/kg is within the range of 24–35 MJ/kg for bituminous coal. In addition, the wet-basis HHV of WPST1 with an equilibrium moisture content of 5.91 wt % is 25.87 MJ/kg, which satisfies the Quality D coal specification of the Taiwan Power Co. requiring a value of above 20.92 MJ/kg.

【 授权许可】

Unknown