Bacterial diversity and predicted enzymatic function in a multipurpose surface water system – from wastewater effluent discharges to drinking water production

Environmental Microbiome

Noora Perkola¹  Timo Huttula¹  Asko Vepsäläinen²  Tarja Pitkänen²  Ananda Tiwari²  Anna-Maria Hokajärvi²  Ilkka T. Miettinen²  Ari Kauppinen²  Balamuralikrishna Jayaprakash²  Sallamaari Siponen²  Hodon Ryu³  Jorge Santo Domingo³  Michael Elk³  Osmo Puurunen⁴  Aki Artimo⁴ 

[1] Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE);Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare;Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency;Turku Region Water Ltd.;

关键词: Bacterial communities;    Sewage effluent;    Surface water;    Seasonal effects;    Predicted biological function;    16S rRNA amplicon sequencing;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40793-021-00379-w

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background Rivers and lakes are used for multiple purposes such as for drinking water (DW) production, recreation, and as recipients of wastewater from various sources. The deterioration of surface water quality with wastewater is well-known, but less is known about the bacterial community dynamics in the affected surface waters. Understanding the bacterial community characteristics —from the source of contamination, through the watershed to the DW production process—may help safeguard human health and the environment. Results The spatial and seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities, their predicted functions, and potential health-related bacterial (PHRB) reads within the Kokemäenjoki River watershed in southwest Finland were analyzed with the 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing method. Water samples were collected from various sampling points of the watershed, from its major pollution sources (sewage influent and effluent, industrial effluent, mine runoff) and different stages of the DW treatment process (pre-treatment, groundwater observation well, DW production well) by using the river water as raw water with an artificial groundwater recharge (AGR). The beta-diversity analysis revealed that bacterial communities were highly varied among sample groups (R = 0.92, p <  0.001, ANOSIM). The species richness and evenness indices were highest in surface water (Chao1; 920 ± 10) among sample groups and gradually decreased during the DW treatment process (DW production well; Chao1: 320 ± 20). Although the phylum Proteobacteria was omnipresent, its relative abundance was higher in sewage and industrial effluents (66–80%) than in surface water (55%). Phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were only detected in sewage samples. Actinobacteria was more abundant in the surface water (≥13%) than in other groups (≤3%). Acidobacteria was more abundant in the DW treatment process (≥13%) than in others (≤2%). In total, the share of PHRB reads was higher in sewage and surface water than in the DW treatment samples. The seasonal effect in bacterial communities was observed only on surface water samples, with the lowest diversity during summer. Conclusions The low bacterial diversity and absence of PHRB read in the DW samples indicate AGR can produce biologically stable and microbiologically safe drinking water. Furthermore, the significantly different bacterial communities at the pollution sources compared to surface water and DW samples highlight the importance of effective wastewater treatment for protecting the environment and human health.

【 授权许可】

Unknown