Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics

eLife

Magdalena Fladung¹  Kathrin Stricker²  Justin Grewe³  Marc Hippler⁴  Moritz Tremmel⁵  Martin Bastmeyer⁵  Ulrich Sebastian Schwarz⁵  Kai Weißenbruch⁵ 

[1]BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

[2]Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany

[3]Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany

[4]Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

[5]Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany

关键词: actomyosin;    NM II isoforms;    contractility;    cell shape;    intracellular forces;    mathematical modeling;   

DOI  :  10.7554/eLife.71888

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is an integral part of essential cellular processes, including adhesion and migration. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms termed NM IIA, B, and C. We used U2OS cells to create CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts of all three isoforms and analyzed the phenotypes on homogenously coated surfaces, in collagen gels, and on micropatterned substrates. In contrast to homogenously coated surfaces, a structured environment supports a cellular phenotype with invaginated actin arcs even in the absence of NM IIA-induced contractility. A quantitative shape analysis of cells on micropatterns combined with a scale-bridging mathematical model reveals that NM IIA is essential to build up cellular tension during initial stages of force generation, while NM IIB is necessary to elastically stabilize NM IIA-generated tension. A dynamic cell stretch/release experiment in a three-dimensional scaffold confirms these conclusions and in addition reveals a novel role for NM IIC, namely the ability to establish tensional homeostasis.

【 授权许可】

Unknown