Trajectories of Adaptive Behaviors During Childhood in Females and Males in the General Population

Frontiers in Psychiatry

Shu Takagai¹  Nagahide Takahashi²  Tomoya Hirota³  Masaki Adachi³  Michio Takahashi³  Hitoshi Kuwabara⁵  Yoko Nomura⁶  Takeo Kato⁸  Akemi Okumura⁸  Md. Shafiur Rahman⁸  Taeko Harada⁸  Kenji J. Tsuchiya⁸  Atsushi Senju⁸  Tomoko Nishimura⁸  Toshiki Iwabuchi⁸ 

[1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan;Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan;Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States;Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan;Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States;Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan;United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan;

关键词: trajectory;    adaptive behavior;    sex differences;    neurodevelopmental traits;    childhood;    autism spectrum disorder;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817383

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Little is known about the trajectory patterns and sex differences in adaptive behaviors in the general population. We examined the trajectory classes of adaptive behaviors using a representative sample and examined whether the class structure and trajectory patterns differed between females and males. We further explored sex differences in neurodevelopmental traits in each latent class. Participants (n = 994) were children in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study)—a prospective birth cohort study. Adaptive behaviors in each domain of communication, daily living skills, and socialization were evaluated at five time points when participants were 2.7, 3.5, 4.5, 6, and 9 years old using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Second Edition. Parallel process multigroup latent class growth analysis extracted sex-specific trajectory classes. Neurodevelopmental traits of children at age 9, autistic traits, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, and cognitive ability were examined for females and males in each identified class. A 4-class model demonstrated the best fit. Moreover, a 4-class model that allowed for differences in class probabilities and means of growth parameters between females and males provided a better fit than a model assuming no sex differences. In the communication domain, females scored higher than their male counterparts in all four classes. In the daily living skills and socialization domains, the two higher adaptive classes (Class 1: females, 18.6%; males, 17.8%; Class 2: females, 48.8%; males, 49.8%) had similar trajectories for males and females, whereas in the two lower adaptive behavior classes (Class 3: females, 27.5%; males, 29.4%; Class 4: females, 5.1%; males, 3.0%), females had higher adaptive scores than their male counterparts. In Class 4, females were more likely to have autistic and ADHD traits exceeding the cutoffs, while males were more likely to have below-average IQ. Different trajectories in females and males suggest that adaptive skills may require adjustment based on the sex of the child, when standardizing scores, in order to achieve better early detection of skill impairment.

【 授权许可】

Unknown