Does Globalization Encourage Female Employment? A Cross-Country Panel Study

World

Asrifa Hossain¹  Anna Valeva¹  Jessica Harriger-Lin¹  Shankar Ghimire¹ 

[1] School of Accounting, Finance, Economics and Decision Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA;

关键词: female participation in labor force (FPLF);    foreign direct investment (FDI);    system GMM;   

DOI  :  10.3390/world3020011

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The objective of the paper is to examine whether female participation in the labor force (FPLF) is influenced by a country’s participation in international markets through foreign direct investment (FDI)—a proxy for globalization. We obtained a panel dataset from the World Development Indicators database for 99 countries from 2001 to 2018, and used the system generalized method of moments (system GMM) to estimate a dynamic panel model with appropriate specification tests. The results show that FDI encourages FPLF to some extent, but the positive effects are more robust for low- and middle-income countries than high-income countries. We also found that results are sensitive to extreme outlier observations in the explanatory factor FDI. These results have important policy implications for low- and middle-income countries; they recommend a focus on sectors that generate higher FDI, as these sectors stand to yield the greatest benefits with regards to female labor force participation.

【 授权许可】

Unknown