The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke

Cells

Musthafa Mohamed Essa¹  Tuladhar Sunanda²  Sonali Sharma²  Bipul Ray²  Saravana Babu Chidambaram²  Tousif Ahmed Hediyal²  Arehally M. Mahalakshmi²  Annan Gopinath Rathipriya³  Tanya M. Monaghan⁴  M. Walid Qoronfleh⁵  Rajpal Singh Kashyap⁶  Wiramon Rungratanawanich⁷  Byoung-Joon Song⁷ 

[1] Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai 600094, Tamil Nadu, India;National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;Q3CG Research Institute (QRI), Research & Policy Division, 7227 Rachel Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA;Research Centre, Dr G. M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur 440 010, Maharashtra, India;Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;

关键词: cerebral stroke;    gut microbiota;    gut dysbiosis;    gut-derived metabolites;    gut leakiness;    gut–brain axis;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells11071239

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Recent research on the gut microbiome has revealed the influence of gut microbiota (GM) on ischemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Alterations in the diversity, abundance, and functions of the gut microbiome, termed gut dysbiosis, results in dysregulated gut–brain signaling, which induces intestinal barrier changes, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and infection, affecting post-stroke outcomes. Gut–brain interactions are bidirectional, and the signals from the gut to the brain are mediated by microbially derived metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS); immune cells, such as T helper cells; and bacterial translocation via hormonal, immune, and neural pathways. Ischemic stroke affects gut microbial composition via neural and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) pathways, which can contribute to post-stroke outcomes. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that the restoration of the gut microbiome usually improves stroke treatment outcomes by regulating metabolic, immune, and inflammatory responses via the gut–brain axis (GBA). Therefore, restoring healthy microbial ecology in the gut may be a key therapeutic target for the effective management and treatment of ischemic stroke.

【 授权许可】

Unknown