Environmental Sustainability of the Vehicle Fleet Change in Public City Transport of Selected City in Central Europe

Energies

Jozef Gnap¹  Vladimír Konečný¹  Tomáš Skrúcaný¹  František Petro¹  Tomáš Settey¹  Tomasz Figlus² 

[1] Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina, SK-010-26 Žilina, Slovakia;Faculty of Transport, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland;

关键词: public transport;    vehicle fleet change;    vehicle traction transition;    electric vehicles;    direct and indirect emissions;    environmental sustainability;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en13153869

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Diesel is the most used fuel for buses and other urban transport vehicles in European countries. This paper deals with impacts on emissions production from the operation of the urban public transport fleet after its renewal. To what extent can the renewal of the urban public transport fleet in the city of Žilina contribute to increasing environmental sustainability in the way of reducing air pollution? The vehicle fleet change has partially consisted of vehicle traction system transition-diesel buses were substituted by hybrid driven (HEV) and electric driven buses (BEV). How can the direct and indirect emissions from the operation of vehicles be calculated? These were the posed research questions. The research aimed to propose a methodology for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions. Indirect emissions values (WtT—Well-to-Tank) for different types of fuels and tractions were obtained based on regression functions. These WtT emission factors together with the existing TtW (Tank-to-Wheels) emission factors (direct emissions) can be used for the assessment of environmental impacts of specific types of vehicles concerning energy source, fuel, or powertrain and type of operation. Direct pollutants such as CO, NO_x and PM were calculated with the use of simulation methodology of HBEFA (Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport) software. The calculated CO₂ savings for the period 2019–2023 about fleet renewal in absolute terms are EUR 1.3 million tons compared to the operation of the original fleet while maintaining the same driving performance. The renewal of the vehicle fleet secured by vehicle traction transition can be a way to reduce the energy intensity and environmental impacts of public transport in Žilina.

【 授权许可】

Unknown