Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial

Genome Medicine

Agustín Lahoz¹  Marina López-Nogueroles¹  Romy Kirsten²  Jürgen G. Okun³  Kathrin V. Schwarz³  Alessio Milanese⁴  Jakob Wirbel⁴  Ece Kartal⁴  Georg Zeller⁴  Solomon A. Sowah⁵  Tilman Kühn⁵  Ruth Schübel⁵  Theron S. Johnson⁵  Rudolf Kaaks⁵  Mirja Grafetstätter⁵  Johanna Nattenmüller⁶  Tobias Nonnenmacher⁶  Cornelia M. Ulrich⁷  Frank Hirche⁸  Gabriele I. Stangl⁸  Daniel Müller⁹  Arnold von Eckardstein⁹ 

[1] Analytical Unit, Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe;Biobank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg;Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center;European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit;German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology;Heidelberg University Hospital, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology;Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah;Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg;Institute of Clinical Chemistry (IGFS), University Hospital Zurich;

关键词: Obesity;    Overweight;    Weight loss;    Gut microbiome;    Intermittent calorie restriction;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13073-022-01030-0

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background The gut microbiota has been suggested to play a significant role in the development of overweight and obesity. However, the effects of calorie restriction on gut microbiota of overweight and obese adults, especially over longer durations, are largely unexplored. Methods Here, we longitudinally analyzed the effects of intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) operationalized as the 5:2 diet versus continuous calorie restriction (CCR) on fecal microbiota of 147 overweight or obese adults in a 50-week parallel-arm randomized controlled trial, the HELENA Trial. The primary outcome of the trial was the differential effects of ICR versus CCR on gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Changes in the gut microbiome, which are the focus of this publication, were defined as exploratory endpoint of the trial. The trial comprised a 12-week intervention period, a 12-week maintenance period, and a final follow-up period of 26 weeks. Results Both diets resulted in ~5% weight loss. However, except for Lactobacillales being enriched after ICR, post-intervention microbiome composition did not significantly differ between groups. Overall weight loss was associated with significant metabolic improvements, but not with changes in the gut microbiome. Nonetheless, the abundance of the Dorea genus at baseline was moderately predictive of subsequent weight loss (AUROC of 0.74 for distinguishing the highest versus lowest weight loss quartiles). Despite the lack of consistent intervention effects on microbiome composition, significant study group-independent co-variation between gut bacterial families and metabolic biomarkers, anthropometric measures, and dietary composition was detectable. Our analysis in particular revealed associations between insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) and Akkermansiaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Tanerellaceae. It also suggests the possibility of a beneficial modulation of the latter two intestinal taxa by a diet high in vegetables and fiber, and low in processed meat. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiome remains stable and highly individual-specific under dietary calorie restriction. Trial registration The trial, including the present microbiome component, was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02449148 on May 20, 2015.

【 授权许可】

Unknown