Shore Protection Structures Increase and Evolution on the Northern Tuscany Coast (Italy): Influence of Tourism Industry

Water

Giovanni Vitale¹  Giorgio Anfuso²  Enzo Pranzini³  Irene Cinelli³  Marco Piccardi³ 

[1] CNR Ibimet—Consorzio LaMMA, 50125 Firenze, Italy;Departamento de Ciencias de la Terra, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, 50125 Firenze, Italy;

关键词: coastal erosion;    shore protection;    coastal armouring;    3S tourism;    beach economy;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w10111647

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Analysis of a large shoreline database (from 1878 to 2017) and recompilation of information on type/age of shore protection structures along the Northern Tuscany, allowed a deep insight of the progressive armouring of this coastal sector. The area experienced beach erosion since the end of the 19th century due to reduced sediment inputs from rivers and harbour constructions. Shore protection structures started to develop at the beginning of the 20th century, first to protect settlements and coastal roads, later to maintain a beach for tourist activity. The changing of the goal and the increasing awareness of the negative impact of some structures resulted in an evolution of coastal defence projects: initially, seawalls and revetments, later detached breakwaters and, more recently, groins. Today, a reduction in hard structures is perceived by removing or lowering detached breakwaters and groins below mean sea level. The forcing function of the growing tourism industry is producing a demand for projects and their design is detailed in this paper: results will be of use in the correct design of a long-term, general, erosion management plan to restore the natural sediment circulation patterns.

【 授权许可】

Unknown