Bidirectional Interactions between the Menstrual Cycle, Exercise Training, and Macronutrient Intake in Women: A Review

Nutrients

José Afonso¹  Marta Massada¹  César Leão²  Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues²  Patrícia Lourenço Reis³  Mónica Sousa⁴  Beatriz Cardoso-Marinho⁵ 

[1] Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto. Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Luz Saúde, Praceta Henrique Moreira, 150, 4400-346 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;Oporto Sports Medicine Center, R. António Pinto Machado, 4100-068 Porto, Portugal;

关键词: women;    sex hormones;    menstrual cycle;    exercise performance;    nutritional intake;    macronutrients;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu13020438

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

: Women have a number of specificities that differentiate them from men. In particular, the role of sex steroid hormones and the menstrual cycle (MC) significantly impact women’s physiology. The literature has shown nonlinear relationships between MC, exercise, and nutritional intake. Notably, these relationships are bidirectional and less straightforward than one would suppose. For example, the theoretical implications of the MC’s phases on exercise performance do not always translate into relevant practical effects. There is often a disconnect between internal measures (e.g., levels of hormone concentrations) and external performance. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how nutritional intake varies across the MC’s phases and whether these variations impact on exercise performance. Therefore, a thorough review of the existing knowledge could help in framing these complex relationships and potentially contribute to the optimization of exercise prescription and nutritional intake according to the naturally occurring phases of the MC. Throughout this review, an emerging trend is the lack of generalizability and the need to individualize interventions, since the consequences of the MC’s phases and their relationships with exercise and nutritional intake seem to vary greatly from person to person. In this sense, average data are probably not relevant and could potentially be misleading.

【 授权许可】

Unknown