Chloroflexi Dominate the Deep-Sea Golf Ball Sponges Craniella zetlandica and Craniella infrequens Throughout Different Life Stages

Frontiers in Marine Science

Hans Tore Rapp¹  Ute Hentschel²  Kristina Bayer³  Kathrin Busch³  Andre Franke⁴  Erik Wurz⁵ 

[1] Department of Biological Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany;GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel, Germany;Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands;

关键词: vulnerable marine ecosystems;    sponges;    Craniella;    Chloroflexi;    symbiosis;    early life stages;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2020.00674

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Deep-sea sponge grounds are underexplored ecosystems that provide numerous goods and services to the functioning of the deep-sea. This study assessed the prokaryotic diversity in embryos, recruits, and adults of Craniella zetlandica and Craniella infrequens, common and abundant representatives of deep-sea sponge grounds in the North Atlantic. Our results reveal that symbiont transmission in the two Craniella sponge species likely occurs vertically, as highly similar microbial consortia have been identified in adults, embryos, and recruits. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy revealed high abundances of sponge-associated microorganisms, among which Chloroflexi (SAR202) were identified as common representatives by amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Equal diversity metrices, a similar overall prokaryotic community composition and a distinct dominance of the phylum Chloroflexi within all life stages are the key findings of our analyses. Information such as presented here provide understanding on the recruitment of deep-sea sponge holobionts which is needed to develop integrated management tools of such vulnerable marine ecosystems.

【 授权许可】

Unknown