Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers’ Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers

Maciej Salagierski¹  Milena Matuszczak¹  Jack A. Schalken² 

[1] Department of Urology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;

关键词: cancer biomarkers;    prostate cancer;    liquid biopsy;    prognosis;    diagnosis;    early detection;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers13133373

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker’s low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.

【 授权许可】

Unknown