Raindrop Size Distributions of North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones Observed at the Coastal and Inland Stations in South India

Remote Sensing

Jayalakshmi Janapati¹  Balaji Kumar Seela¹  Pay-Liam Lin¹  Jui Le Loh¹  Wei-Yu Chang¹  Dong-In Lee²  Utpal Kumar³  Chirikandath Kalath Unnikrishnan⁴  Mannem Venkatrami Reddy⁵  K. Krishna Reddy⁶ 

[1] Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan;Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National Universiy, Busan 48513, Korea;Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;National Centre for Earth Science Studies, ESSO-MoES, Government of India, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, India;National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Noida 201309, India;Semi-Arid Zonal Atmospheric Research Centre, Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516002, India;

关键词: raindrop size distributions (RSDs);    disdrometer;    North Indian Ocean (NIO);    tropical cyclones (TCs);    rainfall kinetic energy;    rainfall rate;   

DOI  :  10.3390/rs13163178

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The current study summarizes the raindrop size distributions (RSDs) characteristic of the North Indian Ocean (NIO) tropical cyclones (TCs) measured with ground-based disdrometers installed at the coastal (Thiruvananthapuram, 8.5335°N, 76.9047°E) and inland (Kadapa, 14.4742°N, 78.7098°E) stations in south India. The NIO TCs observed at the coastal station showed more mid- and large-size drops (>1 mm) than the inland station. On the other hand, for both inland and coastal stations, small and mid-size drops (<3 mm) primarily contributed to the total number concentration and rainfall rate. The RSDs of the NIO TCs segregated into precipitation types (stratiform and convective) demonstrated the presence of more mid- and large-size drops at the coastal station. The RSD relations of the NIO TCs, which are used in rain retrieval algorithms of remote sensing (global precipitation measurement) radars, exhibited contrasts between the coastal and inland station. Further, the NIO TCs’ rainfall kinetic energy relations, which are crucial in rainfall erosivity studies, estimated for the coastal station revealed dissimilar characteristics to that of the inland station. The conceivable thermo-dynamical and microphysical processes that are accountable for the disparities in the NIO TCs RSDs measured at the coastal and inland stations are also elucidated in this work.

【 授权许可】

Unknown