Hemorphins—From Discovery to Functions and Pharmacology

Molecules

Jolanta H. Kotlinska¹  Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska¹  Eagle Yi-Kung Huang²  Hao-Yuan Hung²  Kinga Hartman³  Przemyslaw Mielczarek³  Jerzy Silberring³  Anna Drabik³ 

[1] Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;

关键词: hemoglobin;    hemorphins;    analysis;    proteolytic enzymes;    sequencing;    mass spectrometry;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules26133879

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

During the last three decades, a variety of different studies on bioactive peptides that are opioid receptor ligands, have been carried out, with regard to their isolation and identification, as well as their molecular functions in living organisms. Thus, in this review, we would like to summarize the present state-of-the art concerning hemorphins, methodological aspects of their identification, and their potential role as therapeutic agents. We have collected and discussed articles describing hemorphins, from their discovery up until now, thus presenting a very wide spectrum of their characteristic and applications. One of the major assets of the present paper is a combination of analytical and pharmacological aspects of peptides described by a team who participated in the initial research on hemorphins. This review is, in part, focused on the analysis of endogenous opioid peptides in biological samples using advanced techniques, description of the identification of synthetic/endogenous hemorphins, their involvement in pharmacology, learning, pain and other function. Finally, the part regarding hemorphin analogues and their synthesis, has been added.

【 授权许可】

Unknown