Virus-Induced Tumorigenesis and IFN System

Biology

Paola Di Bonito¹  Maria Vincenza Chiantore¹  Paolo Rosa²  Giorgio Mangino²  Marco Iuliano²  Giovanna Romeo²  Elisabetta Affabris³ 

[1] Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome—Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy;

关键词: oncogenic viruses;    IFNs;    tumor immune surveillance;    microRNAs;    extracellular vesicles;   

DOI  :  10.3390/biology10100994

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Oncogenic viruses favor the development of tumors in mammals by persistent infection and specific cellular pathways modifications by deregulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. They counteract the cellular antiviral defense through viral proteins as well as specific cellular effectors involved in virus-induced tumorigenesis. Type I interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines critical not only for viral interference but also for their broad range of properties that go beyond the antiviral action. In fact, they can inhibit cell proliferation and modulate differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. However, their principal role is to regulate the development and activity of most effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Various are the mechanisms by which IFNs exert their effects on immune cells. They can act directly, through IFN receptor triggering, or indirectly by the induction of chemokines, the secretion of further cytokines, or by the stimulation of cells useful for the activation of particular immune cells. All the properties of IFNs are crucial in the host defense against viruses and bacteria, as well as in the immune surveillance against tumors. IFNs may be affected by and, in turn, affect signaling pathways to mediate anti-proliferative and antiviral responses in virus-induced tumorigenic context. New data on cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs) machinery, as well as cellular communication and microenvironment modification via classical secretion mechanisms and extracellular vesicles-mediated delivery are reported. Recent research is reviewed on the tumorigenesis induced by specific viruses with RNA or DNA genome, belonging to different families (i.e., HPV, HTLV-1, MCPyV, JCPyV, Herpesviruses, HBV, HCV) and the IFN system involvement.

【 授权许可】

Unknown