Current Trends in Neurodegeneration: Cross Talks between Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Aayush Sehgal¹  Tapan Behl¹  Neelam Sharma¹  Rashita Makkar¹  Sukhbir Singh¹  Gokhan Zengin²  Mihaela Cristina Brisc³  Mihai Alexandru Munteanu³  Ciprian Brisc³  Simona Bungau⁴  Diana Uivarosan⁵  Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara⁶ 

[1] Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;

关键词: neurodegeneration;    neuroinflammation;    apoptosis;    necrosis;    cell death;    oxidative stress;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms22147432

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The human body is highly complex and comprises a variety of living cells and extracellular material, which forms tissues, organs, and organ systems. Human cells tend to turn over readily to maintain homeostasis in tissues. However, postmitotic nerve cells exceptionally have an ability to regenerate and be sustained for the entire life of an individual, to safeguard the physiological functioning of the central nervous system. For efficient functioning of the CNS, neuronal death is essential, but extreme loss of neurons diminishes the functioning of the nervous system and leads to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases range from acute to chronic severe life-altering conditions like Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Millions of individuals worldwide are suffering from neurodegenerative disorders with little or negligible treatment available, thereby leading to a decline in their quality of life. Neuropathological studies have identified a series of factors that explain the etiology of neuronal degradation and its progression in neurodegenerative disease. The onset of neurological diseases depends on a combination of factors that causes a disruption of neurons, such as environmental, biological, physiological, and genetic factors. The current review highlights some of the major pathological factors responsible for neuronal degradation, such as oxidative stress, cell death, and neuroinflammation. All these factors have been described in detail to enhance the understanding of their mechanisms and target them for disease management.

【 授权许可】

Unknown