3D-Printing of Hierarchically Designed and Osteoconductive Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Materials

Jana Harbig¹  Joachim Ochs¹  Edgar Dörsam¹  Valentin Acker¹  Vinzenz Nienhaus¹  Fabian Menz¹  Ulrike Ritz²  Nicolas Söhling³  Dirk Henrich³  Jonas Neijhoft³  Ingo Marzi³  RenéD. Verboket³  Johannes Frank³  Andreas Blaeser⁴ 

[1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Printing Science and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;Institute for BioMedical Printing Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;

关键词: Bone Tissue Engineering;    smart scaffold;    scaffold design;    osteoconductive;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ma13081836

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE), autologous bone-regenerative cells are combined with a scaffold for large bone defect treatment (LBDT). Microporous, polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds showed good healing results in small animals. However, transfer to large animal models is not easily achieved simply by upscaling the design. Increasing diffusion distances have a negative impact on cell survival and nutrition supply, leading to cell death and ultimately implant failure. Here, a novel scaffold architecture was designed to meet all requirements for an advanced bone substitute. Biofunctional, porous subunits in a load-bearing, compression-resistant frame structure characterize this approach. An open, macro- and microporous internal architecture (100 µm–2 mm pores) optimizes conditions for oxygen and nutrient supply to the implant’s inner areas by diffusion. A prototype was 3D-printed applying Fused Filament Fabrication using PLA. After incubation with Saos-2 (Sarcoma osteogenic) cells for 14 days, cell morphology, cell distribution, cell survival (fluorescence microscopy and LDH-based cytotoxicity assay), metabolic activity (MTT test), and osteogenic gene expression were determined. The adherent cells showed colonization properties, proliferation potential, and osteogenic differentiation. The innovative design, with its porous structure, is a promising matrix for cell settlement and proliferation. The modular design allows easy upscaling and offers a solution for LBDT.

【 授权许可】

Unknown