Understanding the Recovery of Rare-Earth Elements by Ammonium Salts

Metals

CaroleA. Morrison¹  JasonB. Love¹  JamieP. Hunter¹  Sara Dolezalova¹  BryneT. Ngwenya² 

[1] EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK;

关键词: ionic liquids;    extraction;    rare-earths;    mass-spectrometry;    computational modelling;   

DOI  :  10.3390/met8060465

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

While the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from aqueous solution by ionic liquids (ILs) has been well documented, the metal compounds that are formed in the organic phase remain poorly characterized. Using spectroscopic, analytical, and computational techniques, we provide detailed chemical analysis of the compounds formed in the organic phase during the solvent extraction of REEs by [(n-octyl)3NMe][NO3] (IL). These experiments show that REE recovery using IL is a rapid process and that IL is highly durable. Karl-Fischer measurements signify that the mode of action is unlikely to be micellar, while ions of the general formula REE(NO3)4(IL)2− are seen by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Additionally, variable temperature 139La nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests the presence of multiple, low symmetry nitrato species. Classical molecular dynamics simulations show aggregation of multiple ILs around a microhydrated La3+ cation with four nitrates completing the inner coordination sphere. This increased understanding is now being exploited to develop stronger and more selective, functionalized ILs for REE recovery.

【 授权许可】

Unknown