Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications

Metabolites

Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez¹  Melchor Álvarez-Mon²  Jorge Monserrat²  Paula Valls²  Miguel A. Ortega²  Guillermo Lahera²  Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon²  Oscar Fraile-Martinez²  Cielo García-Montero²  Javier Quintero³  Fernando Mora³  Luis G. Guijarro⁴ 

[1] Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain;Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;

关键词: gut microbiota;    dysbiosis;    microbiota-gut-brain axis;    microbial metabolites;    malnutrition;    short-chain fatty acids;   

DOI  :  10.3390/metabo12010050

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.

【 授权许可】

Unknown