Theoretical Global Warming Impact Evaluation of Medium and High Temperature Heat Pumps Using Low GWP Refrigerants

Applied Sciences

Bassam E. Badran¹  Morteza Ghanbarpour¹  Rahmatollah Khodabandeh¹  Adrián Mota-Babiloni² 

[1] Department of Energy Technology, Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;ISTENER Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu Sec s/n, E12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;

关键词: heat pump;    TEWI;    heating capacity;    COP;    direct/indirect emissions;    alternative refrigerants;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app11157123

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This study provides a global warming impact analysis of environmentally friendly refrigerants used as replacements for R134a and R245fa. R290, R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R513A and R450A are considered as refrigerants to replace R134a in medium temperature applications. For R245fa, there are five alternative refrigerants, R1224yd(Z), R600, R1336mzz(Z), R1233zd(E) and R1234ze(Z), which are selected for high-temperature applications. The analysis is done considering the emission factors in Brazil, Sweden, Canada and Poland. In Sweden and Brazil, the total equivalent warming impact per heating capacity of R134a is higher than its alternative refrigerants in medium temperature application, although R134a exhibits a higher coefficient of performance than its alternatives. In high-temperature applications, R1336mzz(Z) has the lowest total equivalent warming impact per heating capacity due to its higher coefficient of performance than other tested refrigerants. The highest total equivalent warming impact per heating capacity belongs to R245fa in all countries except in Poland, where R600 exhibits a higher value due to its lower coefficient of performance and the relatively higher emission factor in Poland compared to other selected countries. These results revealed that in addition to the global warming potential, the emission factor associated with the sources of electricity generation has a crucial impact on indirect emissions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown