Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?

Cells

Karen Barthel¹  Zuzana Storchova¹  Narendra Kumar Chunduri² 

[1] Department of molecular genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;University Medical Center Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;

关键词: aneuploidy;    monosomy;    chromosome loss;    haploinsufficiency;    gene dosage;    consequences of aneuploidy;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells11091530

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Aneuploidy is a cellular state with an unbalanced chromosome number that deviates from the usual euploid status. During evolution, elaborate cellular mechanisms have evolved to maintain the correct chromosome content over generations. The rare errors often lead to cell death, cell cycle arrest, or impaired proliferation. At the same time, aneuploidy can provide a growth advantage under selective conditions in a stressful, frequently changing environment. This is likely why aneuploidy is commonly found in cancer cells, where it correlates with malignancy, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. To understand this “aneuploidy paradox”, model systems have been established and analyzed to investigate the consequences of aneuploidy. Most of the evidence to date has been based on models with chromosomes gains, but chromosome losses and recurrent monosomies can also be found in cancer. We summarize the current models of chromosome loss and our understanding of its consequences, particularly in comparison to chromosome gains.

【 授权许可】

Unknown