Direct Carboxylation of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H Bonds with CO2 by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and Base-Mediated Reactions

Catalysts

Immacolata Tommasi¹ 

[1] Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari “A. Moro”, v. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;

关键词: carbon dioxide;    C-H activation;    synthesis of carboxylic acids;    transition-metal catalysis;    Brønsted-base catalysis;    carboxylation reactions;   

DOI  :  10.3390/catal7120380

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This review focuses on recent advances in the field of direct carboxylation reactions of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds using CO2 encompassing both transition-metal-catalysis and base-mediated approach. The review is not intended to be comprehensive, but aims to analyze representative examples from the literature, including transition-metal catalyzed carboxylation of benzylic and allylic C(sp3)-H functionalities using CO2 which is at a “nascent stage”. Examples of light-driven carboxylation reactions of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds are also considered. Concerning C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H deprotonation reactions mediated by bases with subsequent carboxylation of the carbon nucleophile, few examples of catalytic processes are reported in the literature. In spite of this, several examples of base-promoted reactions integrating “base recycling” or “base regeneration (through electrosynthesis)” steps have been reported. Representative examples of synthetically efficient, base-promoted processes are included in the review.

【 授权许可】

Unknown