Addressing the Issue of Routing Unfairness in Opportunistic Backhaul Networks for Collecting Sensed Data

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks

Aliyu M. Abali¹  Tekenate E. Amah¹  Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar¹  Maznah Kamat¹  Waldir Moreira²  Antonio Oliveira-Jr³ 

[1] Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia;Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;

关键词: opportunistic networks;    delay tolerant data;    sensed data collection;    fair routing;    wireless sensors;    Smart City;    Internet of Things;    smartphones;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jsan6040031

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Widely deploying sensors in the environment and embedding them in physical objects is a crucial step towards realizing smart and sustainable cities. To cope with rising resource demands and limited budgets, opportunistic networks (OppNets) offer a scalable backhaul option for collecting delay-tolerant data from sensors to gateways in order to enable efficient urban operations and services. While pervasive devices such as smartphones and tablets contribute significantly to the scalability of OppNets, closely following human movement patterns and social structure introduces network characteristics that pose routing challenges. Our study on the impact of these characteristics reveals that existing routing protocols subject a key set of devices to higher resource consumption, to which their users may respond by withdrawing participation. Unfortunately, existing solutions addressing this unfairness do not guarantee achievable throughput since they are not specifically designed for sensed data collection scenarios. Based on concepts derived from the study, we suggest design guidelines for adapting applicable routing protocols to sensed data collection scenarios. We also follow our design guidelines to propose the Fair Locality Aware Routing (FLARoute) technique. Evaluating FLARoute within an existing routing protocol confirms improved fairness and throughput under conditions that compromise the performance of existing solutions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown