State of the California Current 2019–2020: Back to the Future With Marine Heatwaves?

Frontiers in Marine Science

Daniel L. Rudnick¹  Keith M. Sakuma²  John C. Field²  Sarah Ann Thompson³  William J. Sydeman³  Ralf Goericke⁴  Mati Kahru⁴  Josue Villegas-Mendoza⁵  Eliana Gomez-Ocampo⁵  Rachael A. Orben⁶  Cheryl A. Horton⁶  Jessica M. Porquez⁶  Kym C. Jacobson⁷  Michael G. Jacox⁸  Jaime Jahncke⁹  Pete Warzybok⁹  Raphe M. Kudela^1,10  Sharon R. Melin^1,11  Roxanne R. Robertson^1,12  Bertha E. Lavaniegos^1,13  José L. Cadena-Ramírez^1,13  Timothy R. Baumgartner^1,13  Luis Erasmo Miranda-Bojorquez^1,13  Jose Gomez-Valdes^1,13  Martin de la Cruz^1,13  Cheryl A. Morgan^1,14  Elizabeth A. Daly^1,14  Samantha M. Zeman^1,14  Jennifer L. Fisher^1,14  Eric P. Bjorkstedt^1,15  Jarrod A. Santora^1,16  Elliott L. Hazen^1,16  Steven J. Bograd^1,16  Andrew Leising^1,16  Isaac D. Schroeder^1,16  Brian J. Burke^1,17  William Watson^1,19  Edward D. Weber^1,19  Heidi Dewar^1,19  Owyn E. Snodgrass^1,19  Elan J. Portner^1,19  Catherine F. Nickels^1,19  Andrew R. Thompson^1,19  Simone Baumann-Pickering^2,20  John Hildebrand^2,20  Ashlyn Giddings^2,20  Jennifer S. Trickey^2,20  Toby D. Auth^2,21 

[1] 0Climate, Atmospheric Science and Physical Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States;0Fisheries Ecology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, United States;1Farallon Institute Inc., Petaluma, CA, United States;1Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States;2Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico;3Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States;4Fish Ecology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, United States;5Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, United States;6Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, United States;7Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States;8Marine Mammal Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, United States;9Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, United States;Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico;Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States;Department of Fisheries Biology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, United States;Environmental Research Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, United States;Fish Ecology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, United States;Fisheries Ecology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Arcata, CA, United States;Fisheries Resources Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States;Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States;Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, United States;

关键词: California Current;    marine heat wave;    upwelling;    anchovy;    Ecosystem Assessment;    CalCOFI;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2021.709454

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The California Current System (CCS) has experienced large fluctuations in environmental conditions in recent years that have dramatically affected the biological community. Here we synthesize remotely sensed, hydrographic, and biological survey data from throughout the CCS in 2019–2020 to evaluate how recent changes in environmental conditions have affected community dynamics at multiple trophic levels. A marine heatwave formed in the north Pacific in 2019 and reached the second greatest area ever recorded by the end of summer 2020. However, high atmospheric pressure in early 2020 drove relatively strong Ekman-driven coastal upwelling in the northern portion of the CCS and warm temperature anomalies remained far offshore. Upwelling and cooler temperatures in the northern CCS created relatively productive conditions in which the biomass of lipid-rich copepod species increased, adult krill size increased, and several seabird species experienced positive reproductive success. Despite these conditions, the composition of the fish community in the northern CCS remained a mixture of both warm- and cool-water-associated species. In the southern CCS, ocean temperatures remained above average for the seventh consecutive year. Abundances of juvenile fish species associated with productive conditions were relatively low, and the ichthyoplankton community was dominated by a mixture of oceanic warm-water and cosmopolitan species. Seabird species associated with warm water also occurred at greater densities than cool-water species in the southern CCS. The population of northern anchovy, which has been resurgent since 2017, continued to provide an important forage base for piscivorous fishes, offshore colonies of seabirds, and marine mammals throughout the CCS. Coastal upwelling in the north, and a longer-term trend in warming in the south, appeared to be controlling the community to a much greater extent than the marine heatwave itself.

【 授权许可】

Unknown